O‘ZBEK TILIDAGI INGLIZ VA RUS TILLARIDAN O‘ZLASHGAN IQTISODIY TERMINLARNING LEKSIK-SEMANTIK XUSUSIYATLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67227/9a2n3949Kalit so‘zlar:
iqtisodiy terminologiya, leksik o‘zlashma, semantik moslashuv, ingliz tilidan o‘zlashmalar, rus tilidan o‘zlashmalar, o‘zbek tili, kalka, semantik torayish, til aloqalari, terminografiya.Abstrak
O‘zbekistonning bozor iqtisodiyotiga o‘tishi va jahon iqtisodiy tizimiga integratsiyalashuvi o‘zbek tiliga, asosan, ikki donor til — rus va ingliz tillaridan iqtisodiy terminlarning faol kirib kelishiga sabab bo‘ldi. Mazkur maqolada ushbu o‘zlashma iqtisodiy terminlarning o‘zbek tiliga moslashuvi jarayonidagi leksik-semantik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot lug‘atlar, ixtisoslashtirilgan darsliklar, normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar hamda zamonaviy iqtisodiy ommaviy axborot vositalari asosida shakllantirilgan qariyb 450 ta iqtisodiy termin korpusiga tayangan holda olib borildi. Termin ma’nolarining o‘zlashuv jarayonidagi o‘zgarishlarini aniqlash uchun tavsifiy-qiyosiy, komponent tahlili hamda definitsion-kontekstual tahlil metodlaridan foydalanildi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra iqtisodiy terminlarning to‘rtta asosiy manba qatlami — ingliz tilidan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri o‘zlashmalar, rus tili vositasida kirgan internatsionalizmlar, rus tilidan bevosita o‘zlashmalar hamda milliy til vositalari asosida yaratilgan kalkalar ajratib ko‘rsatildi. Shuningdek, semantik moslashuvning beshta asosiy mexanizmi — ma’noning to‘liq ko‘chirilishi, semantik torayish, semantik kengayish, semantik siljish va kalkalash aniqlangan. Tadqiqotda milliy, rus va inglizcha nomlar o‘rtasidagi sinonimik dublet va tripletlarning uslubiy hamda funksional qayta taqsimlanishi, shuningdek, ko‘p kanalli o‘zlashuv natijasida yuzaga keladigan polisemiya va omonimiya hodisalari alohida tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar iqtisodiy terminlarning o‘zbek tiliga kirib kelishi oddiy nominativ ko‘chirish emas, balki donor tilning kirib kelish vaqti, funksional uslubi hamda qabul qiluvchi tilning so‘z yasash imkoniyatlari bilan belgilanadigan tizimli semantik qayta tashkil etish jarayoni ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
Yuklashlar
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