BIRLASHGAN MILLATLAR TASHKILOTINING YAQIN SHARQDAGI O‘RNI
Kalit so‘zlar:
BMT, diplomatiya, Yaqin Sharq, ziddiyat, insonparvarlik yordami.Abstrak
Yaqin Sharq zamonaviy xalqaro tizimdagi mojarolardan eng ko‘p zarar ko‘rgan hududlardan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda. 1945-yildan buyon United Nations mintaqadagi qurolli mojarolarni boshqarish, muzokaralarga ko‘maklashish, gumanitar yordam yetkazish hamda xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni ta’minlashga qaratilgan sa’y-harakatlarda markaziy o‘rin egallab kelmoqda. Mazkur maqolada BMTning Yaqin Sharqdagi mojarolarni boshqarishdagi samaradorligi to‘rtta tahliliy yo‘nalish asosida baholanadi: tinchlikparvarlik faoliyati, vositachilik, gumanitar javob choralari hamda sanksiyalar kabi majburlovchi vositalar. Tadqiqotda Lebanon, Golan Heights, Iraq, Iran, Syria va Yemen misollariga tayangan holda sifat jihatidan qiyosiy yondashuv qo‘llanilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, BMT mojarolarni jilovlash, sulhga rioya etilishini monitoring qilish va gumanitar faoliyatni muvofiqlashtirish borasida nisbatan ijobiy natijalarga erishgan, ayniqsa mandatlar aniq belgilangan va yirik davlatlar o‘rtasida cheklangan bo‘lsa-da muayyan kelishuv mavjud bo‘lgan holatlarda. Biroq tashkilot siyosiy nizolarning tub sabablarini bartaraf etish, uzoq davom etuvchi fuqarolar urushlarining oldini olish yoki keskin qutblashgan geosiyosiy muhitda qarorlarning ijrosini ta’minlash borasida kamroq muvaffaqiyat qozongan. United Nations Security Councildagi veto siyosati, mezbon davlat roziligiga qaramlik, moliyaviy cheklovlar hamda parchalangan mintaqaviy raqobat kabi tizimli omillar operatsion samaradorlikni pasaytirishda davom etmoqda. Maqola xulosasiga ko‘ra, United Nations Yaqin Sharqda barcha mojarolarni to‘liq hal etuvchi institut sifatida emas, balki keskinlashuvni yumshata oladigan, diplomatik kanallarni saqlab qoladigan va uzoq muddatli tinchlik barpo etish sa’y-harakatlarini qo‘llab-quvvatlaydigan barqarorlashtiruvchi institut sifatida hanuz ajralmas ahamiyatga ega.
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